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QUICK START |
Title: The Complexity Advantage: How the Science of Complexity can Help Your Business Achieve Peak Performance
Authors: Susan Kelly and Mary Ann Allison
Publisher: McGraw-Hill; January 1999
Difficulty:    
Length: 256 pp
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Buy this Book |
Comments: Let's be honest, Mary Ann Allison co-wrote this, and we think you'll find it valuable.
Here's what Tom Petzinger said in a Wall Street Journal review:
"Warning: this book is not for the faint of heart. The theory is challenging and the terminology is intimidating.
But anyone who grasps the concepts in The Complexity Advantage will have the power to change a business in startling
ways. Ö These are big ideas. I strongly suspect that the insights of complexity science will blaze a bright new trail for
business. And there is no better place to start than [The Complexity Advantage]."
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Title: Command and Control
Author: U.S. Marine Corps
Publisher: Department of the Navy; October 1996
Difficulty:
Length: 138 pp
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Comments:
We can't recommend this easy-to-read and well-done booklet highly enough! Perhaps you
will be surprised to learn that the US Marine Corps is
leading-edge in its use of complexity science.
Click here to see an overview of this powerful booklet.
You can download this terrific document in pdf format.
On the left side, click on the button labeled "Marine Corps Doctrinal Publications (MCDPs) and then on
MCDP #6 "Command and Control."
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Title: The Web of Life: A New Scientific Understanding of Living Systems
Author: Frijof Capra
Publisher: Doubleday; October, 1997
Difficulty:
Length: 368 pp
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Comments:
The choice for those who lean towards biology. Capra provides a synthesis of
breakthroughs in the theory of complexity, Gaia theory, chaos theory, and other explanations
of the properties of organisms, social systems, and ecosystems.
Note: Some may find the social commentary and mysticism at the end off-putting. Even in that case, the
first 90% of the book can be very useful.
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Title: How Nature Works: The Science of Self Organized Criticality
Author: Per Bak
Publisher: Springer Verlag; May, 1999
Difficulty:
Length: 223 pp
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Comments:
The choice for those who lean towards physics. Many seemingly disparate aspects of
the world, from the formation of the landscape to the process of evolution, all share a set of
simple, easily described propertiesówhich may be explained as manifestations of
complex systems.
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BUSINESS RESOURCES APPLYING COMPLEX SYSTEMS CONCEPTS |
Title: Adaptive Enterprise: Creating and Leading Sense-and-Respond Organizations
Author: Stephen Haeckel
Publisher: Harvard Business School Press; August, 1999
Difficulty:
Length: 295 pp
Focus: General business leadership; responsive product development.
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Comments:
Haeckel
outlines the new sense-and-respond business model that
helps companies anticipate, adapt, and respond to continually changing customer
needs. While this book leans a little more on control than we'd like, we heartily endorse it.
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Title: Competing on the Edge: Strategy as Structured Chaos
Authors: Shona L. Brown and Kathleen M. Eisenhardt
Publisher: Harvard Business School Press April 15, 1999
Difficulty:
Length: 320 pp
Focus: General business leadership; strategy.
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Comments:
A recommendation that strategy become the result of a firm's organizing to change
constantly and letting a semi-coherent strategic direction emerge from that organization.
Lots of good examples. Disclosing New Worlds: Entrepreneurship,
Democratic Action, and the Cultivation of Solidarity
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Title: Disclosing New Worlds: Entrepreneurship, Democratic Action, and the Cultivation of Solidarity
Authors: Charles Spinosa, Fernando Flores, and Hubert Dreyfus
Publisher: MIT Press; March 1999
Difficulty:
Length: 232 pp
Focus: Entrepreneurial efforts.
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Comments:
A brilliant book and easier to read than Flores' Understanding Computers and
Cognition (also worth the work, if you have the time and interest). We consider
Disclosing New Worlds a "must read" for entrepreneurs (and for those who wish to be good
citizens.).
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Title: How Hits Happen: Forecasting Predictability in a Chaotic Marketplace
Author: Winslow Farrell
Publisher: HPublisher: HarperBusiness July, 1998
Difficulty:
Length: 256 pp
Focus: PR and marketing strategy.
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Comments:
Farrell shows how social interactions create hits, both online and off and demonstrates how computer
models are using the mathematics of complexity theory to help predict the hit or flop potential of new ideas,
products, and services.
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Title: Increasing Returns and the new World of Business
Author: Brian Casey
Publisher: Harvard Business Review Reprint 96401, July-August, 1996
Difficulty:
Length: 9 pp
Focus: Economic and business models.
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Comments:
Complex systems thinking applied economics: observations of situations in which products and services
generate increasing returns (rather than the traditional decreasing margin) over time.
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Title: Life at the Edge of Chaos: Creating the Quantum Organization
Authors: Mark Youngblood, John Renesch
Publisher: Perceval; August 1997
Difficulty:
Length: 352 pp
Focus: Leadership and organizational development.
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Comments:
Part one of Mark's book provides one of the easiest-to-read and compelling
descriptions of the what has changed in the business environment and why many
organizational development efforts were unsatisfactory in the past. We find the second
half of the book less powerful but worth a read.
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Title: The Next Common Sense: Mastering Corporate Complexity Through Coherence
Authors: Michael Lissak and Johan Roos
Publisher: Nicholas Brealey May 1999
Difficulty:
Length: 232 pp
Focus: Leadership; business and mental models.
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Comments:
Lissack and Roos write simply and clearly suggesting that ideas from complexity science
are not "complicated," they are in fact the "next common sense." They expand on this
seemingly counter-intuitive theme in a book that discusses many real world business cases
while inter-weaving a number of concepts from complexity and cognitive science. Their
chart concerning management principles (on pages 202 and 203) is splendid.
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Title: New Rules for the New Economy: 10 Radical Strategies for a Connected World
Author: Kevin Kelly
Publisher: Penguin, USA; October 1999
Difficulty:
Length: 192 pp
Focus: Economics; e-commerce.
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Comments:
A quick and interesting read. Whether or not you adopt Kelly's rules and supporting
strategies, this book is good for introducing ideas in a lively way and making you reconsider
how you think about the economy.
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Title: Out of Control: The New Biology of Machines, Social Systems, and the Economic World
Author: Kevin Kelly
Publisher: Perseus; May 1995
Difficulty:
Length: 475 pp
Focus: Business and mental models.
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Comments:
Almost a classic now, this is a long, chatty look at the application of biological ideas
to business. A favorite quote: "Destroying a prairie destroys not only a reservoir of genes
but also a treasure of future metaphors, insight and models for neo-biological civilization (p. 4)."
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TWO IMPORTANT "STRAIGHT" BUSINESS RESOURCES WHICH PROVIDE EXAMPLES |
Title: Built to Last: Successful Habits of Visionary Companies
Authors: James Collins and Jerry Porras
Publisher: HarperBusiness; January 1997
Difficulty:
Length: 368 pp
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Comments:
A profile of eight American companies with long-term success in comparison with a
not-quite-as-successful competitor.
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Title: The Living Company: Habits for Survival in a Turbulent Business Environment
Authors: Arie De Geus, Peter M. Senge
Publisher: Harvard Business School Press; April 1997
Difficulty:
Length: 215 pp
Focus: Economics; e-commerce.
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Comments:
Founded on work done at Royal Dutch/Shell, de Geus explores the characteristics which are essential to long-
lived companies.
We think those who are familiar with complex systems theory will find this book provides an excellent case in
point, de Geus just didn't have the benefit of the complex systems vocabulary to describe it.
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A GOOD MILITARY EXAMPLE |
Title: Every Man a Tiger
Authors: Tom Clancy and Chuck Horner
Publisher: Putnam; May 10, 1999
Difficulty:
Length: 564 pp
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Comments:
Some of the spice of Tom Clancy military thriller is enriched in this book which
uses the real-life experiences of Desert-Storm General Chuck Horner who was also a jet pilot
in the Vietnam War to highlight some of the command decisions, information, and
organizational differences between Viet Nam and the Gulf War.
Click here for a brief description of how we use this example in our thinking.
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RESOURCES ON LEARNING AND COGNITION |
Title: How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School
Authors: John D. Bransford, Ann L. Brown, Rodney R. Cocking, John B. Bransford
Publisher: National Academy Press; April 1999
Difficulty:
Length: 346 pp
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Comments:
This recent book was commissioned by the National Research Council to bring
together in one volume a concise and readable description of exciting research
about the mind, the brain, and the processes of learning. Written by some of the most
respected researchers in the field, there are important implications of the findings
described in this book for how we teach and access learning both for children and for adults
in the workplace.
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Title: The Mind's New Science: A History of the Cognitive Revolution With a New Epilogue, Cognitive Science After 1984
Author: Howard E. Gardner
Publisher: Basic Books; May 1987
Difficulty:
Length: 448 pp
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Comments:
This is an excellent account of the ideas and history that lead to the formation of a new inter-
disciplinary field based on a science of mind that replaced behavioral psychology as the
dominant paradigm in psychology. Gardner provides a balanced presentation of the
strengths of the field, and its critics. The epilogue in the 1987 paperback edition infuses
research perspectives based on neural networks and parallel distributed processing that set
the stage for recent work in cognitive neuroscience.
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Title: Schools for Thought: A Science of Learning in the Classroom
Author: John T. Bruer
Publisher: Bradford Books: October 1994
Difficulty:
Length: 324 pp
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Comments:
Written by the President of the James S. McDonnell Foundation, this book provides a very clear discussion of
complex ideas based on research in the cognitive and learning sciences, and explains how these ideas may be used
for a rational attack on many of the problems facing our schools. This has been a very influential book in education,
and much of the research described here would be equally valuable if applied to issues related to learning in
organizations.
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Title: Understanding Computers and Cognition: A New Foundation for Design
Authors: Fernando Flores and Terry Winograd
Publisher: Addison-Wesley; May 1995
Difficulty:
Length: 206 pp
Focus:Communications and cognition models.
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Comments:
Make no mistake, this is a technical and difficult-to-read book on communications and cognition
models. If you have the patience to work at it, it is rich with ideas about the ways in
which humans and computers are different. For many of us this provides our first
introduction to the idea of the consensual domain.
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ADDITIONAL READING ON THE SCIENCE |
Title: Artificial Life: An Overview
Author: Christopher G. Langton (Editor)
Publisher: Bradford Books; March 1997
Difficulty:
Length: 352 pp
Focus:Complexity Science.
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Comments:
Probably the complexity science best known to (although not always read) business people.
Convinced of it's applicability to business, Ernst & Young sent out 50,000 copies to their clients. A powerful look at
self-organization and one that has influenced this field extensively.
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Title: The Axemaker's Gift: A Double-Edged History of Human Culture
Authors: James Burke and Robert Ornstein
Publisher: Putnam September 1995
Difficulty:
Length: 348 pp
Focus:Social Science and mental models.
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Comments:
An engaging book which describes the "cut-and-control" nature and the unintended consequences of
many of the very powerful inventions human beings have put into use. Once you've read two of the examples in the
center of the book, you'll have the idea.
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Title: Chaos: Making a new science.
Author: James Gleick
Publisher: Penguin; December 1988
Difficulty:
Length: 352 pp
Focus:History of the Science.
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Comments:
Now a classic. This is the story of the beginnings of chaos theory. An interesting read that brings you
along as an observer during a time that will continue to influence our thinking. Not particularly useful as a
reference book.
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Title: Collective Intelligence: Mankind's Emerging World in Cyberspace
Author: Pierre Levy
Publisher: Plenum; October 1997
Difficulty:
Length: 275 pp
Focus:Social Science.
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Comments:
Pierre Levy is a French sociologist who suggests we are moving from information economy into an
economy based on humaninteractionsóa social economy. He presents some ideas you won't find elsewhere
and suggests ways of using technology. He is on the board of a French software company
which has the only software we've seen which reflects and promotes human self-
organization. Also see the only other of his books to be translated into English:
Becoming Virtual: Reality in the Digital Age.
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Title: Dynamics of Complex Systems: Studies in Nonlinearity
Author: Yaneer Bar-Yam
Publisher: Perseus; August 1997
Difficulty:
Length: 800 pp
Focus:Complexity Science; Nonlinear Dynamics.
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Comments:
Yaneer is a physicist, researcher, and academic. A difficult read for anyone not an academic, it is
nonetheless a comprehensive and useful reference book which can be used even by those who are not physicists.
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Title: Ecological Design
Authors Sim Van Der Ryn and Stuart Cowan
Publisher: Island Press; December 1995
Difficulty:
Length: 200 pp
Focus:Ecology.
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Comments:
An engaging and gentle polemic with some easy-to-pick-up-and transfer ideas. The authors take ecology as the
basis for designóadapting and integrating human design with natural processes.
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Title: Exploring Complexity: An Introduction
Authors: Gregoire Nicolis and Ilya Prigogine
Publisher: W H Freeman & Co.; October 1989
Difficulty:
Length: 291 pp
Focus:Complexity Science.
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Comments:
Priogene's work is fundament to non-equilibrium science and complexity theory. This is more accessible than some of
his other works. Some knowledge of math is helpful when reading this book.
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Title: Growing Artificial Societies: Social Science from the Bottom Up (Complex Adaptive Systems)
Authors: Joshua M. Epstein and Robert L. Axtell
Publisher: Brookings Institution Press; October 1996
Difficulty:
Length: 208 pp
Focus:Social Science.
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Comments:
"Groundbreaking" is a cliche too often applied for glitz and marketing, with its legitimate application rarely being
warranted. It is here. Epstein and Axtell, two prestigious research scholars, systematically show how ideas
from the fields of complexity and artificial life apply in the social and political sciences. They convincingly demonstrate how multi-agent computer
models capture many of the quintessential aspects of social science issues ranging from highly unequal income
distribution patterns to the evolution of human trade.
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Title: The Human Use of Human Beings
Author: Norbert Weiner
Publisher: WH Freeman & Co. October 1989
Difficulty:
Length: 313 pp
Focus:Cybernetics.
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Comments:
Another classic for those who want to go to the source. Weiner is considered by many to be the founder of
cyberneticsóthe study of the relationship between computers and the human beingsóand one of the first to understand
the importance of feedback.
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Title: Metapatterns: Across Space, Time, and Mind
Author: Tyler Volk
Publisher: Columbia University Press; August 1996
Difficulty:
Length: 250 pp
Focus:Systems Theory.
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Comments:
An engaging book that sneaks up on you. Tyler creates collages of interesting images and
challenges you to think in new mental models.
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Title: Order Out of Chaos: Man's New Dialog with Nature
Authors: Ilya Prigogine and Isabelle Stengers
Publisher: Bantam Books; November 1986
Difficulty:
Length: 313 pp
Focus:Complexity Science.
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Comments:
An account of Prigogene and Stenger's view of complexity theory, with some detailed
history. Difficult going, but rewarding. Math will helpful in getting to the heart of the
ideas here.
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Title: The Selfish Gene
Author: Sir Richard Dawkins
Publisher: Bantam; November 1986
Difficulty:
Length: 313 pp
Focus:Social Science.
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Comments:
This is the book which presented the idea of memesócoherent patterns of human thought, which are
quickly conveyed to others based on the biological gene.
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Title: The Sciences of the Artificial
Author: Herbert Simon
Publisher: MIT Press; October 1996
Difficulty:
Length:
Focus:Systems Theory.
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Comments:
An early and very practical systems theorist, Herbert Simon presents clear and useful ways of using systems theory.
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Title: The Systems View of the World: A Holistic Vision for Our Time (Advances in Systems Theory, Complexity, And the Human Sciences)
Author: Ervin Laslo
Publisher: Hampton Press; June 1996
Difficulty:
Length:
Focus:Systems Theory.
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Comments:
A compelling and elegant classic. A great read on a rainy afternoon-almost a meditation-which makes systems theory a delight.
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Title: The Tree of Knowledge: The Biological Roots of Human Understanding
Authors: Humberto Maturana and Francisco Varela
Publisher: Shambhala; Revised edition April 1992
Difficulty:
Length: 269 pp
Focus:Complexity Science; Biology.
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Comments:
Maturana and Varela's research and ideas are very important to the development of our ideas about business language, commitments, and evolution.
Unfortunately, this book contains only some of their original thinking. We include this book because there is so
little in English by these two key thinkers.
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Title: Thinking in Complexity: The Complex Dynamics of Matter, Mind, & Mankind
Author: Klaus Mainzer
Publisher: Spring Verlag; June 1997
Difficulty:
Length: 355 pp
Focus:Complexity Science.
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Comments:
For the serious reader with a strong appetite for science and math, this is a comprehensive guide.
Not an easy book, but for those technically inclined, we recommend it highly.
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Title: Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity
Author: Francis Fukuyama
Publisher: Free Press; June 1996
Difficulty:
Length:
Focus:Complexity Science.
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Comments:
An excellent presentation of the economic benefits of trust and the costs related to the lack of trust. A long book.
You can get much of the benefit by reading Part 1.
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ADDITIONAL BUSINESS RESOURCES WE USE FREQUENTLY |
Title: Crossing the Chasm: Marketing and Selling Hi-Tech Products to Mainstream Customers
Author: Geoffrey Moore
Publisher: HarperBusiness; August 1999
Difficulty:
Length: 227 pp
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Comments:
This book and the follow-up to Inside the Tornado: Marketing Strategies from Silicon Valley's Cutting Edge-help business
people to understand and overcome some of the difficulties in bringing technological advances to the marketplace.
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Title: Knowledge for Action: A Guide to Overcoming Barriers to Organizational Change
Author: Chris Argyris
Publisher: Jossey-Bass Publishers; April 1993
Difficulty:
Length: 285 pp
Focus: Leadership, with a focus on leaders' speaking and intentions.
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Comments:
Hard to read but powerful; Chris's work is groundbreaking. He provides word-by-word analysis of
actual business conversations-showing us how we say one thing and mean other, creating vicious cycles of dysfunction.
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Title: The Innovator's Dilemma: When New Technologies Cause Great Firms to Fail
Author: Clayton M. Christensen
Publisher: Harvard Business School Press June 1997
Difficulty:
Length: 225 pp
Focus: Leadership, with a focus on leaders' speaking and intentions.
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Comments:
Christensen presents compelling evidence that even the best-managed companies, in spite of the attention to
customers and continual investment in new technology, are susceptible to failure no matter what the industry. The
introduction and the summary provide a useful overview of the main ideas.
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Title: Lexus and the Olive Tree: Understanding Globalization
Author: Thomas L. Friedman
Publisher: Farrar, Straus & Giroux April 1999
Difficulty:
Length: 394 pp
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Comments:
An easy-to-read picture of globalization and some of its affectsópresent and Friedman sees them in the future.
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Title: Net Gain: Expanding Markets through Virtual Communities
Authors: John Hagel III and Arthur G. Armstrong
Publisher: Harvard Business School Press; March 1997
Difficulty:
Length: 239 pp
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Comments:
This and the follow-up to Net Worth: Shaping Markets When Customers Make the Rules present a good case and
some how to's for a new type of business: gathering, protecting, and representing groups of customers.
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Title: The New Pioneers: The Men and Women Who are Transforming the Workplace and Marketplace
Author: Thomas Petzinger
Publisher: Simon & Schuster; March 1999
Difficulty:
Length: 302 pp
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Comments:
Both practical and inspiring, Tom Petzinger (a complexity-science-applied-to-business guru and writer for Wall Street
Journal) describes ground-breaking business leaders who are responding to the changing environment.
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Title: Type Talk at Work: How the 16 personality types determine Your Success at Work
Authors: Otto Kroger and Janet Thuesen
Publisher: Dell; July 1, 1993
Difficulty:
Length: 400 pp
Focus: Psychological traits.
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Comments:
A classic and one that many businesses use, while others feel it is "tired." While there
are more sophisticated methods, this one is readily available and easy-to-use.
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Title: Type Talk at Work: How the 16 personality types determine Your Success at Work
Authors: Otto Kroger and Janet Thuesen
Publisher: Dell; July 1, 1993
Difficulty:
Length: 400 pp
Focus: Psychological traits.
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Comments:
A classic and one that many businesses use, while others feel it is "tired." While there
are more sophisticated methods, this one is readily available and easy-to-use.
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